Diagnostic Process

The diagnostic process begins when a patient experiences a health problem and decides to engage with the healthcare system. This involves a continuous cycle of information gathering, integration, and interpretation to develop a working diagnosis. Clinicians use clinical history, physical exams, diagnostic tests, and consultations to gather relevant information. The working diagnosis may initially include multiple possibilities (differential diagnosis) and is refined over time as more information is obtained. Communication with the patient and their family is crucial throughout this process.

Diagnostic refinement progresses from hypothesis generation to diagnostic verification, which ensures the lead diagnosis adequately explains the patient’s signs, symptoms, and context before considering risky or invasive testing. Treatment can reduce diagnostic uncertainty, acting as a feedback loop to inform and refine the working diagnosis. The goal is not absolute certainty but enough clarity to make informed care decisions.

The diagnostic process includes four main activities:

1.    Taking a clinical history and interview

2.    Performing physical exams

3.    Conducting diagnostic tests

4.    Consulting with other clinicians

This approach applies across all healthcare areas, including mental health care.